Exercises, examples and other material relating to training module J709. This topic is presented on public courses Learning to Program in Java, Java Bootcamp, Java Programming for the Web

In order to provide the security of data and methods within classes, Java limits access through "the four Ps" Ð private, package, protected and public. Correct design of your objects and correct specification of the right "P" ensures that you can make all necessary methods and data available to users of your class, while at the same time hiding your internal workings.

"Java Cookbook" - review

Articles and tips on this subject		updated
4398	Accessing variables across subroutine boundaries - Perl, Python, Java and Tcl In a perfect programming world, code is broken into named blocks (methods, functions, subroutines, classes, procedures, commands, modules, packages etc) and data is passed around between the blocks purely as parameters and return values. And variables are local to the block in which they're used. This ...	2015-01-18
3142	Private and Public - and things between A public train service is one which is available for anyone to travel on; a private one only takes limited passengers as invites / made available by the operator. And there could be intermediate levels too - I understand that at times the British Transport Police protect the last train from Weymouth ...	2011-01-25 (longer)
3047	What is a universal superclass? Java / Perl / Python / Other OO languages In any object oriented language, all objects will ultimately inherit from a base class supplied with the language, whether it's explicitly stated or not. That's because every class that you write will need that basic facilities to set up members (objects), and it's also useful to provide you with a ...	2010-11-13
2535	When should I use Java, Perl, PHP, or Python? Java is a good language for bigger systems ... teams of programmers writing bits of code that interact with each other. In fact, Java is so well tuned towards the bigger systems that it's not the ideal language for smaller systems - for the people who are just looking to write a quick piece of code ...	2009-12-15
2419	Where is my Java class? Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Gerald OK - so where did Java look, and where should it have looked? Java looks for classes in each of the locations in the CLASSPATH environment variable in turn - each of those locations being either a directory or a .jar file which contains ...	2009-09-24
874	Who can use which access door? Anyone can come to our front door and ring the bell. It's then up to us whether we admit them to the house, or deal with them at the door. You can describe the front door as being public. The side door through Lisa's office is more restricted, and whilst I and other members of the team can gain access ...	2006-09-21

luckington.java

Inner class example